Subject: - COA (Computer Organization & Architecture)

#Data: -

-It is a collection of unorganized fact, figures and does not provide any kind of information regarding patterns, contorts, etc. Hence data means "Unstructured facts and figure".

#Information: -

-It is a structured data i.e., organized meaningful and processed data. To process the data and convert into information, a computer is used.

Data => Processing => Information 

# Functions of Computer: -

(1.) Receiving Inputs: - 

- Data is Fed into computer through various input device like keyboard, mouse, digital pens, etc. Input can also be fed through devices like CD-ROM, Pen drive, Scanner etc.

(2.) Processing the information: - 

- Operations on the inputs data are carried out based on the instructions provided in the programs.

(3.) Storing the information: -

- After processing, the information gets stored in the primary or secondary storage area.

(4) Producing Output: -

- The processed information and other details are communicated to the outside world through output devices like monitor, printer etc.

# Computer Concepts and Description

1.) History of Computer: - 

- The history of the computer data back to several years. There are five prominent generation of computer. Each generation has witnessed several technological advances. Which change the functionality of the computer.

2). Characteristics of Computer System: -

- It involves Speed, Accuracy, Diligence, Versatility, memory storage.

3.) Basic Application of Computer: -

- Computer play a role in every filed of life. They are used in Homes, Business, School, Medical Filed, Government Offices etc.

4.) Components of Computer System: -

- Computer System consist of three components as shown below.

  Center Processing unit, Input/Output, Memory.

5.) Input Devices: -

- It helps to get input or data forms user.

6.) Output Devices: -

- It helps to display the processed data in the forms of information.

7.) Computer Memory: -

- It refers to storage area where data is stored before process and information also stored after processed. It is two types primary and secondary storage.

8.) Concept of Hardware and Software: -

- The term hardware refers to mechanical devices that makes up computer.

- Software is the collection of programs that to perform task.

- Software can be categorized into two types: - (i.) System Software (ii.) Application Software

9.) Programming Language: -

- The language that are used to write a program or set of instruction to execute in computer called a programming language programming languages are broadly categorized into three types: -

(i.) Machine level language

(ii.) Assembly level language

(iii.) High level language

10.) Representation of data information: -

- Computer does not understand human language. Any data letters, symbols, picture, audio etc fed to computer should be converted to machine language first. computer represent that data into different form.

11.) Data Processing and Data Processing States: -

- Data processing is a process of converting raw facts or data into a meaningful information.

# Hardware: -

- Hardware is the physical part of the computer and related device. The internal hardware part of a computer are often referred to as hardware components of computer and the external hardware devices are usually called a peripherals device.

# Types of Basic Hardware Components: -

(1.) Input Device

(2.) Output Device

(3.) Memory

(4.) Storage

(5.) Processing

(6.) Communication

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